Tunnel construction is done
underneath the earth's surface or underwater to provide passage. There are
various methods for tunnel construction, and the details of each are explained
by Engineering Companies in Pakistan. In most cases, tunnel construction
can be costly, but it also saves time and offers peace of mind. The
excavation of large amounts of soil, rock, etc., is required for tunnel
construction. Thanks to the advancement of modern equipment, backfilling
and excavation is becoming simpler. Tunnels are used for railroads, roads
and even as waterways too. In several cities underground metro rail
networks are located inside tunnels.
Engineering Companies in Pakistan help you and guide you about the best tunnel constructions
methods and their details. If you want to learn about these all methods look below:
Techniques for Tunnel Construction
There are a variety of construction techniques that have been developed to construct tunnels that are described in the following paragraphs:
- Method of cutting and covering
- Bored tunnel method
- Method for kicking clay
- Shaft method
- Pipe jacking method
- Method of Box Jacking
- Underwater tunnels
Cutting and
Cover Method of Tunnel Construction
The cut and cover
technique of construction tunnels is typically employed to construct shallow
tunnels. In this technique Civil Engineering Companies in Pakistan, an excavation is made in the soil, and then covered with a
support that is able to support a loads on it. The cutting process can be
accomplished through two ways. The first is a bottom-up method involving a
tunnel created beneath the surface with ground support. Another option is
the top-down method where side support walls are built first using slurry
walling and contiguous boring piling. The roof is then placed over the
walls, and excavation is done. Then, the foundation slabs are constructed. The
majority of Top Engineering companies in Pakistan Underground metro
stations are built using cut and cover methods.
Bored Method
of Tunnel
Bored tunnel is a modern
technology. In this instance, tunnel boring machinery operates
automatically and makes the whole tunneling process simpler. It's also
faster and a good way to construct tunnels in heavily-trafficked areas. Tunnel
boring machines (TBM's) are offered in various types that are that are suitable
for various ground conditions. They can be utilized in challenging
conditions, such as below the water table. A pressurized compartment has
been made available to allow Civil Engineering Companies in Pakistan to
operate in conditions that are below the water table. Workers should not
be allowed to enter the compartment unless they are performing repairs. It
is important to be cautious while the TBM is in operation. The only issue
that comes with it is that this TBM is its weight. This makes
transportation expensive and difficult.
Clay Kicking
Method for Tunnel Construction
This method is used to
create extremely clayey soils. This is an old technique that is used for
small projects such as sewage pipe installations, etc. In this technique,
the hole is dug into the ground, and then after a depth tunnels are excavated. Engineering
Companies in Pakistan accomplished with the help of the clay kicker, which
is placed on a plank that is at 45 of an angle. A
tool for excavating is placed beneath the kicker's foot of clay. The dirt
excavated with that tool is gathered by other workers. It is famous due to
the fact that it was the technique used by Englishmen to place mines under the
German empire during the First World War.
Tunnel
Construction Method using Shafts Tunnel Construction
The tunnel in this
manner is built deeper than the surface of the ground. The shaft is
constructed to the point at which tunnels are needed. The shaft is a
permanent structure, similar to those constructed with walls of concrete. When
the tunnels are at the required depth, Engineering Companies in Pakistan made
these using TBM's. Shafts are installed at the at the outlet and inlet of
tunnels. Intermediate shafts can also be found when tunnels are too long. Following
the construction, the shafts could be used to ventilate the area and emergency
exits.
Pipe Jacking
Method for Tunnel Construction
The Pipejacking
technique is employed to build tunnels beneath existing structures such as
roads, railways, etc. The specially-designed pipes are driven underground
by hydraulic jacks. A maximum that is 3.2-meter diameter is permitted for
tunnels.
Box Jacking
method for Tunnel Construction
Box jacking technique is
like pipe jacking; however, specially designed boxes are driven into soil in
place of pipe. Engineering Companies in Pakistan use the cutting heads to place at the
front of the box. The excavated material is disposed of within the box. The
larger size tunnels are extracted with box lifts with a maximum of 20 meters.
Underwater
Tunnel Construction
Engineering Companies in
Pakistan make underwater tunnel to create a route through it. If
bridge construction is not feasible, then an underwater tunnel are a great
option.
The cost of tunneling
underwater is high for the procedure, but it has advantages over bridges or
ferry connections. Bored tunnels and tubes in the water are two of the
most commonly used methods employed to build underwater tunnels.
No comments:
Post a Comment